【细节辨识题】
细节辨识题考查的是考生对阅读材料具体内容的把握能力,它要求考生能够对语篇中的具体细节和信息点进行准确捕捉,根据问题中的关键词或者短语在原文中定位相应细节。
细节辨识题是阅读理解中常考的题型,在历年考题中所占比重较大。在近10年的考题中每年都有细节辨识题出现,比例在30%左右。
此题型的主要命题方式如下:
①According to the text/Paragraph...
②In Paragraph...which of the following is NOT mentioned?
③The author agrees on all the following except that...
④...results from...
⑤What advice does the author give to...?
⑥Which of the following statements is NOT true?
⑦The main reason for...is that...
⑧Which of the following can be a disadvantage of...?
【推理判断题】
推理判断题要求考生从整篇文章或文章中的某个细节出发,对某一内容进行推理判断。
做对这种题目的前提是对文章意思的准确理解,对作者意图的准确捕捉,顺着文章的表述作出恰当的推断。
推理判断能力是阅读理解能力的较高层次,这类题型在近10年的考题中经常出现并呈逐年上升的趋势,比例在30%~40%。
此题型的主要命题方式如下:
①We can conclude from...that...
②We can learn from the text that...
③Why is...mentioned in Paragraph...?
④In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by...
⑤Paragraph...shows that...
⑥...is mentioned to...
⑦By citing...the author intends to...
⑧The author seems to be mainly concerned with...
⑨The author suggests that...
【语义理解题】
语义理解题考查的是考生是否具有根据上下文推测阅读材料中某个单词或者短语意思的能力。
重点仍然是基于对语篇的理解,尤其是对该单词或短语前后出现的内容的理解,因为其语义经常会在上下文通过解释或者举例等方式给予暗示。
最初,语义理解题多以推测词汇含义为主,近年来,更多考查的是某个表达形式(如句子的一部分)的含义。
该题型在历年考题中所占比重较小,在近10年的考题中所占比例为10%左右。
此题型的主要命题方式如下:
①The sentence “...” (Line...,Paragraph...) means that...
②The word/phrase “...” (Line...,Paragraph...) most probably means...
③By saying “...” (Line...,Paragraph...),the author means that...
④The underlined phrase “...” in paragraph...refers to the ones who...
⑤The underlined phrase “...” (Line...,Paragraph...) most probably means...
⑥The phrase “...” (Line...,Paragraph...) is closest in meaning to...
【主旨大意题】
主旨大意题考查的是考生对阅读材料内容的整体把握能力以及对重点内容的概括能力。
该题型要求考生对文章有一个宏观把握,并且能够抓住其中的重点。
在近10年的考题中,每年都有主旨大意题出现,比例在10%以上。
此题型的主要命题方式如下:
①Which of the following is the text mainly about?
②The passage is mainly about...
③What would be the best title for the text?
④Which of the following is the best title for the text?
⑤The best title for this passage could be...
⑥Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
⑦What is the passage mainly about?
【观点态度题】
观点态度题考查的是考生在整体理解文章内容的基础上对作者的观点、看法等作出判断的能力。
做对这类题目的关键是找出表示态度(赞成、反对、客观或主观等)的词语。如果作者的看法很客观,就会既有赞成又有反对,这时要注意全面把握文章的主旨大意,尤其注意表示态度变化的连词。
这种类型的题目在近10年考题中的出现比例为10%以下。
此题型的主要命题方式如下:
①Towards...the writer's/author's attitude can be said to be...
②...attitude towards...is one of...
③...attitude towards...seems to be...
④What is...attitude towards...?