英语三大从句包括宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句,其中状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。今天我们来学习结果状语从句和目的状语从句。
目的状语从句
1、that，so that，in order that引导目的状语从句
目的状语从句由that，so that，in order that等引导。从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、can、could、will, would等。
John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。
These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些
2、lest, for fear that和in case引导目的状语从句
这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。
I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得顺着她，免得她生气。
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。
结果状语从句
1、so that，so…that, such…that引导结果状语从句
So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country thatI determined to learn English well.我感到在讲英语的国家里生活太难了，因此我决定学好英语。
He worked hard so thathe passed the exam. 他学习很努力，结果通过了考试。
He spoke for such a long time thatpeople began to fall asleep.他讲了那么长时间，人们开始打起瞌睡了。
2、so…that与such…that的区别
这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。
（1）单数名词
在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。
She is such a good teacher thatall of us love her.= She is so good a teacher thatall of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。
（2）不可数名词或复数可数名词
如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。
He made such rapid progress thatbefore long he began to write articles in English.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词)
They are such interesting books thatwe all want to read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可数名词)
（3）名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时
如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。
I've had so many falls thatI'm black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一块紫一块的。(复数可数名词)
George had so little money thathe had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。(不可数名词)
They are such little children thatthey can't do anything.他们是小孩,什么事情都干不了。
3、如何判断so that引导的目的状语从句与结果状语从句
（1）当表达的含义是“为了”、“以便”时，为目的状语从句；当表达的是“以至于”、“因此”含义时，为结果状语从句。
If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear.(目的状语从句)如果你的确知道，应大声回答，以便让全班学生都可以听见。
It rained hard the day before yesterday, so thatshe had to stay at home.(结果状语从句)前天雨下得很大，因此她只好呆在家里。
（2）当从句的谓语动词有情态动词can, could, may, might等时，是目的状语从句；当从句里没有情态动词，且谓语动词是一般现在时（过去时）、现在完成时等时态时，是结果状语从句。
We stopped at Salt Lake City so thatwe could(might)visit the monument to seagulls. (目的状语从句)我们在盐湖城逗留，以便可以参观为海鸥修的纪念碑。
They have walked a long way, so thatwe are all tired. (结果状语从句)他们走了很长的路，所以都很累。
（3）当从句之前的so that可用in order that代替时，是目的状语从句；反之，是结果状语从句。
We now study hard so that we may work well in the future.(=We now study hard in order that we may work well in the future. (目的状语从句)我们现在努力学习是为了将来更好地工作。
(4)当so that之前有逗号时，是结果状语从句；反之，是目的状语从句
The story is very interesting, so thatI like it very much.(结果状语从句)这部小说很有趣，因而我非常喜欢。
